NEET DPP Biology Ch-08 Cell: The Unit of Life

Q.1. The cell organelle involved in glycosylation of protein is
(a) ribosome
(b) peroxisome
(c) endoplasmic reticulum
(d) mitochondria

Answer

Answer:
(c) Glycosylation is the process or result of addition of saccharides to proteins and lipids. The process is one of the four principal co-translational and post-translational modification steps in the synthesis of membrane and secreted proteins and the majority of proteins synthesized in the rough ER undergo glycosylation.

Q.2. The outer layer of vacuole is called
(a) cell wall
(b) tonoplast
(c) plasmalayer
(d) leucoplast

Answer

Answer:
(b) Vacuoles are present mainly in the plant cells. Each vacuole is surrounded by cytoplasmic membrane called as tonoplast which is similar to plasma membrane.

Q.3. Which of the following cell organelle remains enveloped by a single unit membrane?
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Lysosomes
(c) Nucleus
(d) Chloroplast

Answer

Answer:
(b) The membrane surrounding a lysosome allows the digestive enzymes to work at the 4.5 pH they require. They are created by the addition of hydrolytic enzymes to early endosomes from the Golgi apparatus

Q.4. Choose the correct option.
(i) Lysosomes are double membranous vesicles budded off from Golgi apparatus and contain digestive enzymes.
(ii) Endoplasmic reticulum consists of a network of membranous tubule and helps in transport, synthesis and secretion.
(iii) Leucoplasts are bound by two membranes, lack pigment but contain their own DNA and protein synthesising machinery.
(iv) Sphaerosomes are single membrane bound organelle which are associated with synthesis and storage of lipids.
(a) (i) only
(b) (i) and (ii)
(c) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer:
(c)

Q.5. The nucleolus is the site of formation of
(a) spindle fibres
(b) chromosomes
(c) ribosomes
(d) peroxisomes

Answer

Answer:
(c) Nucleolus was discovered by Fontana (1781) and given name by Bowman (1840). It does not have membrane and is attached to chromatin at nucleolar organiser region (NOR). Nucleolus is the site for elaboration of r-RNA and synthesis of ribsomes, hence called ribosomal factory.

Q.6. Which one of the following combination is mismatched?
(a) Glycocalyx – may be capsule or slime layer
(b) Pili – Reproduction
(c) Cell wall – Protective, determines shape, prevents from bursting
(d) Flagella, Pili and Fimbriae – Surface structures of bacterial cell

Answer

Answer:
(b)

Q.7. The fluidity of membranes in a plant in cold weather may be maintained by
(a) increasing the number of phospholipids with unsaturated hydrocarbon tails
(b) increasing the proportion of integral proteins
(c) increasing concentration of cholesterol in membrane
(d) increasing the number of phospholipids with saturated hydrocarbon tail

Answer

Answer:
(a) The fluidity of membranes in a plant in cold weather may be maintained by increasing the number of phospholipids with unsaturated hydrocarbon tails.

Q.8. The cell as a basic unit of structure of living beings was discovered by
(a) Aristotle
(b) Robert Hooke
(c) Schleiden and Schwann
(d) Gregore Mendel

Answer

Answer:
(c)

Q.9. Which pair of structures are usually found in both plant and animal cells?
(a) Cell membrane and nucleolus
(b) Cell membrane and cell wall
(c) Nucleolus and chloroplast
(d) Nucleus and cell wall

Answer

Answer:
(a)

Q.10. Most abundant lipid in the cell membrane is
(a) cholesterol
(b) phospholipids
(b) glycolipids
(d) cerebrosides

Answer

Answer:
(b)

Q.11. If you remove the fimbriae from the bacterial cell, which of the following would you expect to happen?
(a) The bacteria could no longer swim
(b) The bacteria would not adhere to the host tissue
(c) Transportation of molecules across the membrane would stop
(d) The shape of bacteria would change

Answer

Answer:
(b) Fimbriae are hair like structures present in large number in bacteria. They help in attaching bacteria to solid surfaces or host tissues.

Q.12. Cell recognition and adhesion are facilitated by components of plasma membrane. These components are generally
(a) protein molecules alone
(b) lipids alone
(c) both lipids and proteins
(d) glycolipids and glycoproteins

Answer

Answer:
(d) Proteins have very specific shapes which make them ideal as receptor molecules for chemical signalling between cells. Branching side chain glycolipids on the outer surface of cell membranes are also involved in cell-cell recognition.

Q.13. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is well developed in the cells which synthesize
(a) steorids
(b) proteins
(c) carbohydrates
(d) all of these.

Answer

Answer:
(a) The SER provides surface for the synthesis of lipids, including phospholipids, cholesterol, steroid hormones (sex hormones, adrenal corticoid hormones), ascorbic acid and visual pigments.

Q.14. Select the option with correct labelling of given structure of Golgi apparatus.

	A	B	C	D
(a)	Cisternae	Vesicle	trans face	cis face
(b)	Cisternae	Vesicle	cis face	trans face
(c)	Vesicle	Cisternae	cis face	trans face
(d)	Tubules	Vesicle	trans face	cis face

Answer

Answer:
(a)

Q.15. The molecules in the membrane that limit its permeability are the
(a) carbohydrates
(b) phospholipids
(c) proteins
(d) water

Answer

Answer:
(b)

Q.16. pH of vacuolar cell sap is
(a) neutral and isotonic.
(b) alkaline and isotonic.
(c) acidic and hypertonic.
(d) equal to cytoplasm and isotonic.

Answer

Answer:
(c) Vacuole is a non – living reservoir, bounded by a selectively permeable membrane, the tonoplast. It is not a air filled cavity but it is filled with a highly concentrated solution called vascular sap or cell sap. pH of vacuolar cell sap is acidic and hypertonic.

Q.17. All plastids have essentially the same structure because
(a) they have to perform the same function
(b) they are localised in the aerial parts of plants
(c) one type of plastids can differentiate into another type of plastids depending upon the cell requirements
(d) all plastids have to store starch, lipids and proteins

Answer

Answer:
(c) Vacuole is a non – living reservoir, bounded by a selectively permeable membrane, the tonoplast. It is not a air filled cavity but it is filled with a highly concentrated solution called vascular sap or cell sap. pH of vacuolar cell sap is acidic and hypertonic.

Q.18. A Semi-autonomous organelle.
B Have linear DNA as well as RNA
C Carry out ATP synthesis.
D Have quantasomes embedded in thylakoid membrane
E. Occurs in all photosynthetic organisms.
Find the correct number of statements w.r.t. plastids.
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Four

Answer

Answer:
(c) Only statements Band E are incorrect as plastids have circular DNA and are found to be present in higher plants.

Q.19. Select incorrect matching
(a) Elaioplasts – Oils
(b) Chromoplasts – Fat soluble anthocyanin pigments
(c) Mitochondria – Fission in G2 phase
(d) Contractile vacuole – Excretion

Answer

Answer:
(b)

Q.20. Quasi-fluid nature of membrane is due to
(a) Phospholipid
(b) Integral protein
(c) Peripheral protein
(d) Sugar moiety

Answer

Answer:
(a)

Q.21. Gas vacuole is present in
(a) Blue green algae
(b) Purple photosynthetic bacteria
(c) Green photosynthetic bacteria
(d) All of the above

Answer

Answer:
(d) Prokaryotes possess gas vacuole.

Q.22. Which of the following feature is not associated with centrosome?
(a) Pericentriolar material
(b) Two cylindrical structures
(c) Two centriole
(d) Lipid bilayer covering

Answer

Answer:
(d) Membrane-less organelles.

Q.23. What is the site of DNA and centriole duplication respectively?
(a) Nucleus, nucleus
(b) Nucleus, cytoplasm
(c) Cytoplasm, nucleus
(d) Nucleus, nucleolous

Answer

Answer:
(b)

Q.24. Cell wall
(a) Helps in cell to cell interaction
(b) Protects the cell from infection
(c) Contains minerals like calcium carbonate in certain algae
(d) All are correct

Answer

Answer:
(d)

Q.25. Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct options w.r.t. eukaryotic cell.
I. All eukaryotic cells are identical in structure
II. Mitochondria and plastids are semi-autonomous organelles
III. Ribosomes are associated with plasma membrane
IV. There is an extensive compartmentalization of cytoplasm through the presence of membrane bound organelles
(a) I & IV
(b) II & IV
(c) I & III
(d) II & III

Answer

Answer:
(b)

Q.26. Golgi bodies are involved in
(a) Recycling of broken plasma membrane during endocytosis
(b) Synthesis of glycolipids
(c) Modification of proteins
(d) All of the above

Answer

Answer:
(d)

Q.27. Which of the following organelles lack membrane in eukaryotic cell?
A. Cilia B. Lysosome
C. RER D. Ribosomes
E. Flagella F. Centrioles
(a) D & F
(b) C & D
(c) A & D
(d) A & E

Answer

Answer:
(a)

Q.28. Aleuroplasts, amyloplasts and elaioplasts
(a) Divide by multiple fission
(b) Store protein, starch and fat respectively
(c) Help in photolysis of water
(d) Store reserve food and pigments

Answer

Answer:
(b)

Q.29. Reformation of nucleolus, golgi complex and ER occurs in
(a) Telophase
(b) Metaphase
(c) Prophase
(d) Anaphase

Answer

Answer:
(d)

Q.30. Ribosomes of the cytoplasm, chloroplast and mitochondrion are respectively
(a) 80S, 80S and 70S
(b) 80S, 70S and 70S
(c) 70S in all
(d) 80S in all

Answer

Answer:
(b)

Q.31. Integral cell membrane proteins
(a) are partially embedded in lipid layers
(b) are completely embedded in lipid layers
(c) show lateral but not vertical movements within bilayer of lipid
(d) All of these

Answer

Answer:
(d)

Q.32. Which group of organelles is involved in synthesis of substances needed by cell?
(a) Lysosome, vacuole, ribosome
(b) Vacuole, RER, SER
(c) Ribosome, RER, SER
(d) RER, lysosome, vacuole

Answer

Answer:
(c)

Q.33. Who gave the lamellar or sandwich model of cell membrane?
(a) Singer and Nicolson
(b) Danielle and Davson
(c) J. Robertson
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer:
(b)

Q.34. Microtubules are absent in
(a) mitochondria
(b) flagella
(c) spindle fibres
(d) centriole

Answer

Answer:
(a)

Q.35. Which of the following contributes to differences in the two sides of the cell membrane?
(a) Differences in peripheral proteins
(b) Different domains expressed on the ends of integral proteins
(c) Differences in phospholipid types
(d) All of the above

Answer

Answer:
(d) The cell membrane is asymmetric and has different properties, and functions of the cytoplasmic side versus the extracellular side. These properties arise from differences in the constituents of the membrane.

Q.36. Which of the following cell membrane components serve as recognition signals for interactions between cells?
(a) Recognition proteins
(b) Glycolipids or glycoproteins
(c) Phospholipids
(d) Integral proteins

Answer

Answer:
(b) Both glycolipids and glycoproteins serve as recognition signals.

Q.37. Channel proteins allow ions that would not normally pass through the cell membrane to go through the channel. What properties of the proteins are responsible for this?
(a) The channels are often composed of charged or polar R groups.
(b) The channels are often composed of hydrophobic R groups.
(c) a and b
(d) None of the above

Answer

Answer:
(a) The charged or polar lining of the channel proteins allows passage of polar and charged molecules.

Q.38. Which of the following is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
(a) Lysosome
(b) Vesicles
(c) Chloroplast
(d) Plasma membrane

Answer

Answer:
(d) All cells have a plasma membrane. The other structures listed are organelles and therefore are present only in eukaryotes.

Q.39. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria
(a) have multiple membranes.
(b) have highly structured innermost membranes.
(c) are found only in eukaryotic cells.
(d) All of the above

Answer

Answer:
(d)

Q.40. Microtubules, motor proteins, and actin filaments are all part of the
(a) mechanism of photosynthesis that occurs in chloroplasts.
(b) rough ER in prokaryotic cells.
(c) cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells.
(d) process that moves small molecules across cell membranes.

Answer

Answer:
(c) The cytoskeleton supports the cell and allows for movement of the entire cell and listed are part of the cytoskeleton.

Q.41. cell wall of both bacteria and cyanobacteria contains
(a) Lipid
(b) Pectin
(c) Protein
(d) Muramic acid

Answer

Answer:
(d)

Q.42. Mesosomes were taken as
(a) Golgi bodies
(b) Plastids
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Answer:
(c)

Q.43. Pit membrane of simple pit is formed by :
(a) Secondary cell wall
(b) Middle lamella
(c) Primary cell wall
(d) Plasma

Answer

Answer:
(b)

Q.44. Which one of the following cell organelles found only in plants?
(a) Golgi complex
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Plastids
(d) Ribosomes

Answer

Answer:
(c) Plants are autotrophs and synthesize their food in the process of photosynthesis with the help of chloroplast (plastid).

Q.45. Peroxisomes are rich in
(a) DNA
(b) RNA
(c) Catalytic enzymes
(d) Oxidative enzymes

Answer

Answer:
(d) Peroxisomes contain glycolic acid and oxidase, which oxidises glycolic acid (a product of photosynthesis) to glyoxylic acid.

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