NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 3 Electrochemistry

NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 3 Electrochemistry

Here we are providing NCERT solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 3 Electrochemistry.

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED

3.1. How would you determine the standard electrode potential of the system Mg²⁺¹ Mg?
Ans: A cell will be set up consisting of Mg/MgSO₄ (1 M) as one electrode and standard hydrogen electrode Pt, H, (1 atm)H⁺/(l M) as second electrode, measure the EMF of the cell and also note the direction of deflection in the voltmeter. The direction of deflection shows that e^-1 s flow from mg electrode to hydrogen electrode, i.e., oxidation takes place on magnesium electrode and reduction on hydrogen electrode. Hence, the cell may be represented as follows :

3.2. Can you store copper sulphate solutions in a zinc pot?
Ans: Zn being more reactive than Cu, displaces Cu from CuSO₄ solution as follows:Zn (s) + CuSO₄ (aq) –> ZnSO₄(ag)+Cu (s)

3.3. Consultthe table of standard electrode potentials and suggest three substances that can oxidise ferrous ions under suitable conditions.
Ans: Oxidation of Fe²⁺ converts it to Fe³⁺, i.e.,Fe²⁺ –>Fe³⁺ +e^– ; E°_ox= – 0.77 V Only those substances can oxidise Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ which are stronger oxidizing agents and have positive reduction potentials greater than 0.77 V, so that EMF of the cell reaction is positive. This is so for elements lying below Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ in the series ex: Br₂, Cl₂ and F₂.

3.4. Calculate the potential of hydrogen electrode in contact with a solution whose pH is 10.
Ans. For hydrogen electrode,H⁺ + e^– —>1/2 H₂,

3.5. Calculate the emf of the cell in which the following reaction takes place:
Ni(s)+2Ag⁺ (0.002 M) -> Ni²⁺ (0.160 M)+2Ag(s) Given that E^(-)_(cell) = 1.05 V .
Ans:

3.6. The cell in which the following reaction occurs: 2Fe³⁺ (aq) + 2I^– (aq) —> 2Fe²⁺ (aq) +I² (s) has E^°_cell=0.236 V at 298 K. Calculate the standard Gibbs energy and the equilibrium constant of the cell reaction.
Ans:

3.7. Why does the conductivity of a solution decrease with dilution?
Ans: Conductivity of a solution is the conductance of ions present in a unit volume of the solutions. On dilution, no. of ions per unit volume decreases. Hence, the conductivity decreases.

3.8.  Suggest a way to determine the value of water.
Ans:

3.9. The molar conductivity of 0.025 mol L^-1 methanoic acid is 46.1 S cm² mol^-1. Calculate its degree of dissociation and dissociation constant Given λ^°(H⁺)=349.6 S cm² mol^-1 andλ^°(HCOO-) = 54.6 S cm² mol^-1
Ans:

3.10. If a current of 0.5 ampere flows through a metallic wire for 2 hours, then how many electrons would flow through the wire?
Ans:

3.11. Suggest a list of metals that are extracted electrolytically.
Ans: Na, Ca, Mg and Al

3.12. Consider the reaction: Cr₂O₇^2--+ 14H⁺ + 6e- -> 2Cr₃+ + 7H₂O What is the quantity of electricity in coulombs needed to reduce 1 mol of Cr₂O₇^2- ?
Ans:

3.13. Write the chemistry of recharging the lead storage battery, highlighting all the materials that are involved during recharging.
Ans: A lead storage battery consists of anode of lead, cathode of a grid of lead packed with lead dioxide (PbO₂) and 38% H₂SO₄ solution as electrolyte. When the battery is in use, the reaction taking place are:

On charging the battery, the reverse reaction takes place, i.e., PbSO₄ deposited on electrodes is converted back to Pb and PbO₂ and H₂SO₄ is regenerated.

3.14. Suggest two materials other than hydrogen that can be used as fuels in fuel cells.
Ans: Methane and Methanol.

3.15. Explain how rusting of iron is envisaged as setting up of an electrochemical cell.
Ans: The water present on the surface of iron dissolves acidic oxides of air like CO₂ , SO₂ , etc. to form acids which dissociate to give H⁺ ions :

Thus, an electrochemical cell is set up on the surface.
Ferrous ions are further oxidised by atmospheric oxygen to ferric ions which combine with water to form hydrated ferric oxide, Fe₂O₃. xH₂O, which is rust.

NCERT EXERCISES

3.1 Arrange the following metals in the order in which they displace each other from the solution of their salts: Al, Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn.
Sol. Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag.

3.2 Given the standard electrode potentials, K⁺/K=-2. 93 V, Ag⁺/Ag = 0.80 V, Hg²⁺/Hg =0.79V, Mg²⁺/Mg=-2.37V, Cr³⁺/Cr=0.74V.
Arrange these metals in their increasing order of reducing power.
Sol. Higher the oxidation potential more easily it is oxidized and hence greater is the reducing power. Thus, increasing order of reducing power will be Ag<Hg<Cr<Mg<K.

3.3 Depict the galvanic cell in which the reaction
Zn(s) + 2Ag⁺(aq) —-> 7M²⁺(aq) + 2Ag (s) takes place. Further show:
(i) Which of the electrode is negatively charged?
(ii) The carriers of the current in the cell.
(iii) Individual reaction at each electrode.
Sol. The set-up will be similar to as shown below,

(i) Anode, i. e, zinc electrode will be negatively charged.
(ii) The current will flow from silver to copper in the external circuit.
(iii) At anode: Zn(s) ——–> Zn²⁺(aq) + 2e^–
At cathode: 2Ag⁺(aq) + 2e^– ——–> 2Ag(s)

3.4 Calculate the standard cell potentials of galvanic cell in which the following reactions take place

Sol.

3.5 Write the Nernst equation and emf of the following cells at 298 K:


Sol.

3.6 In the button cells widely used in watches and other devices the following reaction takes place:

Sol.

3.7  Define conductivity and molar conductivity for the solution of an electrolyte. Discuss their variation with concentration.
Sol. Conductivity of a solution is defined as the conductance of a solution of 1 cm length and having 1 sq. cm as the area of cross-section.
Molar conductivity of a solution at a dilution (V) is the conductance of all the ions produced from one mole of the electrolyte dissolved in V cm³ of the solution when the electrodes are one cm apart and the area of cross-section of the electrodes is so large that the whole of the solution is contained between them. It is usually represented by Λ_m.
The conductivity of a solution (both for strong and weak electrolytes) decreases with decrease in concentration of the electrolyte, i.e., on dilution. This is due to the decrease in the number of ions per unit volume of the solution on ‘ dilution. The molar conductivity of a solution increases with decrease in concentration of the electrolyte. This is because both number of ions as well as mobility of ions increases with dilution. When concentration approaches zero, the molar conductivity is known as limiting molar conductivity.

3.8 The conductivity of 0.20 M solution of KCl at 298 K is 0.0248 S cm^-1. Calculate its molar conductivity.
Sol.

3.9 The resistance of a conductivity cell containing 0.001 M KCI solution at 298 K is 1500 Ω What is the cell constant if conductivity of 0.001 M KCI solution at 298 K is 0.146 x 10^-3 S cm^-1?
Sol.

3.10 The conductivity of NaCl at 298 K has been determined at different concentrations and the results are given below:

Sol.

3.11 Conductivity of 0.00241 M acetic acid is 7.896 x 10^-5 S cm^-1. Calculate its molar conductivity. If Λ_m0, for acetic acid is 390.5 S cm² mol^-1, what is its dissociation constant?
Sol.

3.12 How much charge is required for the following reductions:
(i) 1 mol of Al³⁺ to Al?
(ii) 1 mol of Cu²⁺ to Cu ?
(iii) 1 mol of Mn04- to Mn²⁺?
Sol. (i) The electrode reaction is Al³⁺ + 3e ——> Al
∴ Quantity of charge required for reduction of 1 mol of Al³⁺=3F=3 x 96500C=289500C.
(ii) The electrode reaction is Cu²⁺ + 2e^– ——–> Cu
∴ Quantity of charge required for reduction of 1 mol of Cu²⁺=2F=2 x 96500=193000 C.
(iii) The electrode reaction is Mn04- ———-> Mn²⁺.
i.e., Mn⁷⁺ + 5e^–——-> Mn²⁺.
∴ Quantity of charge required = 5F
=5 x 96500 C=4825000.

3.13 How much electricity in terms of Faraday is required to produce .
(i) 20.0 g of Ca from molten CaCl₂?
(ii) 40.0 g of Al from molten Al₂0₃?
Sol.

3.14 How much electricity is required in coulomb for the oxidation of (i) 1 mol of H₂O to 0₂ (ii) 1 mol of FeO to Fe₂0₃
Sol.

3.15 A solution of Ni(N0₃)₂ is electrolyzed between platinum electrodes using a current of 5 amperes for 20 minutes. What mass of Ni is deposited at the cathode?
Sol.

3.16 Three electrolytic cells A, B, C containing solutions of ZnS0₄, AgNO₃ and CuS0₄, respectively are connected in series. A steady current of 1.5 amperes was passed through them until 45 g of silver deposited at the cathode of call B. How long did the current flow? What mass of copper and zinc were deposited?
Sol.

3.17 Predict if the reaction between the following is feasible:


Sol. The reaction is feasible if the EMF of the cell reaction is positive.

3.18 Predict the products of electrolysis in each of the following.
(i) An aqueous solution of AgNO₃ with silver electrodes.
(ii) An aqueous solution of AgNO₃ with platinum electrodes.
(iii) A dilute solution of H₂S0₄ with platinum electrodes.
(iv) An aqueous solution of CuCl₂ with platinum electrodes.
Sol.