Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion is followed by a statement of reason.
Mark the correct choice as:
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.
Q.1. Assertion : Apical meristem of root is subterminal.
Reason: At the terminal end of root, root cap is present.
Answer
Answer: (a) Root apical meristem is subterminal because of the presence of a protective terminal root cap over it.Q.2. Assertion : Histogen theory is not applicable to shoot apex.
Reason : The shoot apex is not clearly divided into three layers.
Answer
Answer: (a) Histogen theory, which proposes that the three principal tissues of the root-vascular cylinder, cortex, and epidermis-originate from three groups of initial cells, or histogens, in the apical meristem-plerome, periblem, and dermatogen respectively. A fourth histogen, the calyptrogen, produces the root cap.Q.3. Assertion : Higher plants have meristematic regions for indefinite growth.
Reason : Higher plants have root and shoot apices. [AIIMS 1997]
Answer
Answer: (a) The root apex and shoot apex are meristematic in nature. These meristematic tissues are embryonic in origin. They are primary in origin because it develops from embryonic tissues and primary in function because they form the primary structure of the plant cell, the root apex and shoot apex, that live till the death of the whole plant. Hence, plants have the feature of indefinite growth.Q.4. Assertion: Apical meristem and intercalary meristem both are primary meristems.
Reason: Both of these meristems appear early in life of a plant and help in the formation of the primary plant body.
Answer
Answer: (a) Growth in plants is mostly restricted to specialised regions of active cell division called meristems. The meristems which occur at the tips of roots and shoots and produce primary tissues are called apical meristems. They cause growth in length. The meristem which occurs between mature tissues is known as intercalary meristem, commonly located at the bases of leaves, above the nodes (e.g., grasses) or below the nodes (e.g., mint). These help in elongation of the organs. Both apical meristems and intercalary meristems are primary meristems because they appear early in life of a plant and contribute to the formation of the primary plant body.Q.5. Assertion: Lateral meristems include fascicular vascular cambium, interfascicular cambium and cork-cambium.
Reason: These are responsible for forming the secondary tissues.
Answer
Answer: (b) Secondary meristem is the meristem that occurs in the mature regions of roots and shoots of many plants, particularly those that produce woody axis and appear later than primary meristem. These are cylindrical meristems. Fascicular vascular cambium, interfascicular cambium and cork cambium are examples of lateral meristems. These are responsible for producing the secondary tissues.Q.6. Assertion: Higher plants have meristematic regions for indefinite growth.
Reason: Higher plants have root and shoot apices.
Answer
Answer: (a) Higher plants have root and shoot apices where the cells are in state of continuous division. Here, they can grow indefinitely. Such regions are not found in animals.Q.7. Assertion: Quiescent centre is found in the centre of the root apex.
Reason: It consists of actively dividing cells.
Answer
Answer: (c) Quiescent centre is found in the centre of the root apex. Cell divisions are very few in the quiescent centre as there is very little synthesis of new proteins, RNAs and DNA. Quiescent centre may function as reserve meristem.Q.8. Assertion: Intercalary meristems increase length of plant like apical meristems.
Reason: It originates from the apical meristems.
Answer
Answer: (a) Intercalary meristems are intercalated in between the permanent tissues. The activities of these meristems also add to the length of the plant or its organs. They originate from the apical meristems when their portions get detached due to the growth of the organs. For example, in the grasses when the internodes complete their elongation, some cells at the base retain their meristematic activity and function as intercalary meristems. They lie just above the node.Q.9. Assertion: Apical and intercalary meristems contribute to the growth in length, while the lateral meristems cause increase in girth in maize.
Reason: Apical and intercalary meristems always increase the height of plants.
Answer
Answer: (d) Apical and intercalary meristems always increase the height of plants and lateral meristem is responsible for secondary growth and doesn’t occur in monocots.Q.10. Assertion: In grasses and cereals, intercalary meristems are present.
Reason: Intercalary meristems form permanent tissues.
Answer
Answer: (b) Intercalary meristems are intercalated in between the permanent tissues. They may be present either at the base of the internode as in the stems of various grasses and wheat; or at the base of the leaf as in Pinus; or at the base of a node as in mint (Mentha viridis).Q.11. Assertion: Collenchyma forms the hypodermis of dicotyledon stems.
Reason : This is the reason for flexibility of dicotyledonous stems.
Answer
Answer: (a) Collenchyma cells are elongated cells with irregularly thick cell walls that provide support and structure. Their thick cell walls are composed of the compounds cellulose and pectin. These cells are often found under the epidermis, or the outer layer of cells in young stems and in leaf veins.Q.12. Assertion : Aerenchyma help in buoyancy to hydrophyte plants.
Reason : The large air chambers are present in aerenchyma.
Answer
Answer: (c) Aerenchyma is a spongy tissue that forms spaces or air channels in the leaves, stems and roots of some plants, which allows exchange of gases between the shoot and the root.Q.13. Assertion : Collenchymatous cells show thickenings of pectin.
Reason : Collenchyma is thick walled dead tissue.
Answer
Answer: (c) Collenchyma is made up of living cells with unevenly thickened cell wall. Their cell wall is made up of cellulose and pectin. Collenchyma are present beneath the epidermis of young stem, petioles and midrib of leaves, etc. These are absent in underground tissues and leaves and stems of monocots.Q.14. Assertion: A simple tissue is made of only one type of cells.
Reason: Various simple tissues in plants are parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma.
Answer
Answer: (b) The tissues in which the cells of which have lost the capacity to divide and have attained a permanent shape, size and function due to morphological, biochemical and physiological differentiation are permanent tissues. Permanent tissues can be classified as simple, complex and special on the basis of composition. A simple permanent tissue is that tissue which is made up of similar permanent cells that carry out the same function or have the same structure. Simple permanent tissues are of three types-parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma.Q.15. Assertion: Sclerenchyma cells do not possess plasmodesmata.
Reason: The cell walls of some permanent tissues are heavily lignified.
Answer
Answer: (a) Sclerenchyma is the supporting tissue in plants. Two types of sclerenchyma cells exist: fibers and sclereids. Their cell walls consist of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Sclerenchyma provides the main structural support to a plant.In order to equip the students with the latest methodology of testing and evaluation in competitive exam segment in India Physics Gurukul has introduced successrouter.com for Online Testing and Assessment. Try our free tests for JEE and NEET Today!