Extra Questions For Class 9 Science Chapter 5 Fundamental Unit of Life
Very Short Answer Type Questions (One Mark Each)
Q.1. Name the scientist who discovered cell.
Answer
Ans. Robert Hooke discovered cell in 1665.Q.2. Who discovered nucleus ?
Answer
Ans. Robert Brown discovered nucleus.Q.3. Who coined the term protoplasm ?
Answer
Ans. J.E. Purkinje coined the term protoplasm.Q.4. Name the scientists, who presented cell theory.
Answer
Ans. M. Schleiden and T. Schwann independently proposed cell theory.Q.5. Who suggested that all cells arise from pre-existing cells ?
Answer
Ans. Virchow in 1855 suggested that all cells arise from pre-existing cells.Q.6. Who discovered Golgi apparatus ?
Answer
Ans. Camillo Golgi discovered Golgi apparatus.Q.7. Identify the single celled organisms from the following:
cockroach, chlamydomonas, snake, mosquito, bacteria.
Answer
Ans. From the above listed organisms chlamydomonas and bacteria are unicellular single called organism.Q.8. Give the expanded form of ATP.
Answer
Ans. Adenosine tri phosphate is the expanded form of ATP.Q.9. Name an organism that feeds by endocytosis method.
Answer
Ans. Amoeba is an organism that feeds by endocytosis method.Q.10. Name the plastid which stores starch, oils and protein granules.
Answer
Ans. Leucoplast are colourless plastids that stores starch, oils and protein granules.Q.11. Define protoplasm.
Answer
Ans. All the living contents of cell inside cell membrane constitute protoplasm. It includes cytoplasm and nucleus.Q.12. Name two semi autonomous organelles.
Answer
Ans. Mitochondria and chloroplast are two semi autonomous organelles which can manufactures their own proteins with the help of its own DNA and RNA.Q.13. Which organelle is involved in the conversion of green brinjal to violet?
Answer
Ans. Chromoplast are the coloured plastids that facilitate conversion of green brinjal into violet.Q.14. Which nuclear component change into chromosome ?
Answer
Ans. Chromatin – a granular network in the nucleoplasm that condenses to form long thin thread like chromosomes.Q.15. Name the two nucleic acid present in the cell.
Answer
Ans. DNA (De-oxyribose nucleic acid) RNA (Ribose nucleic acid) are the two nucleic acid present in the cell.Q.16. Where genes are located ?
Answer
Ans. Genes are the hereditary units which are located on the chromosomes.Q.17. Name the substance of which genes are made up of.
Answer
Ans. Genes are made up of segments of DNA.Q.18. Name the chemical found in the walls of bark of tree?
Answer
Ans. Suberin is the chemical found in the walls of bark of a tree.Q.19. What are cisternae ?
Answer
Ans. Cisternae are tubular structures arranged parallel to each other in stacks and have inflated ends. They are part of golgi apparatus.Q.20. Which cell organelle give rise to lysosome ?
Answer
Ans. Golgi bodies pinch off vesicles on the sides as well as maturing or trans face of the apparatus. These vesicles contain hydrolytic enzymes and are referred as lysosomes.Q:21. Which cell organelle carry oxidative reactions including removal of toxic substances?
Answer
Ans. Peroxisomes are the cell organelle that carry out oxidative reactions as well as aids in removal of toxic substances.Q.22. Which cell organelle is known as ‘Power plant’ or ‘Powerhouse’ of cell?
Answer
Ans. Mitochondria is known as the powerhouse of the cell.Q.23. What are cristae and what is its significance ?
Answer
Ans. Cristae are the infoldings of inner mitochondrial membrane. These infoldings create a large surface area for the chemical reactions generating ATP.Q.24. Name the cell organelle which are exclusively found in plant cell.
Answer
Ans. Plastids and cell wall are exclusively found in plant cell.Q.25. Name the cell organelle exclusively found in animal cell.
Answer
Ans. Centrosome is the cell organelle exclusively found in animal cell.Q.26. In which chemical form energy is stored in our body ?
Answer
Ans. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the energy currency of our cells and body.Q.27. Chlorophyll pigment is found in which cell organelle ?
Answer
Ans. Chloroplasts are the organelle that contains green chlorophyll pigment.Q.28. Define nucleoid.
Answer
Ans. Nuclear material of prokaryotes is nucleoid not bounded by nuclear envelope. It does not have nucleolus and is referred as nucleoid.Q.29. What happens if ribosomes are removed from cells ?
Answer
Ans. Proteins would not be synthesised if ribosomes are removed from the cell.Q.30. What is nature of tonoplast ?
Answer
Ans. Tonoplast is the membrane that bounds vacuole. Its chemical composition is similar to plasma membrane i.e., made up of proteins and lipids.Q.31. What will happen to a plant cell if it is kept in a hypotonic solution ?
Answer
Ans. Plant cell will swell up due to entry of water by the process of endo osmosis when placed in a hypotonic solution.Q.32. What will happen to an animal cell if it is kept in hypertonic solution?
Answer
Ans. If an animal cell is placed in a hypertonic solution then it loses water by exosmosis and forms a star like appearances. This phenomenon is called as crenation.Q.33. Which cell organelle detoxify poisons and drugs in liver of vertebrates ?
Answer
Ans. SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum) aids in detoxification of poison and drugs in the liver of vertebrates.Q.34. If we sprinkle salt on cucumber slices after sometime it releases water. What mechanism is responsible for this ?
Answer
Ans. Exosmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of low solute concentration i.e., inside the cells of cucumber as compared to the external environment through a semipermeable membrane that takes place on adding salt to cucumber slices.Q.35. Why is a cell membrane called a selectively permeable membrane?
Answer
Ans. The cell membrane is called selectively permeable as it only allows specific molecules to pass. Only specific molecules like water and gaseous molecules can pass through the cell membrane directly. It stops the flow of other molecules towards the two sides.Q.36. What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus?
Answer
Ans. (1) The proteins in cells would float randomly if there were no Golgi bodies. Without the substances that the Golgi body typically distributes, other cells and organs in the body would not operate as they should.(2) Lysosomes would not be generated in the absence of the Golgi apparatus, and the cell would eventually die as a result of the buildup of dead and damaged molecules and organelles.
(3) Materials would no longer be packaged or transported if the Golgi apparatus were absent. The cell’s secretory functions would also stop.
(4) Acrosome production cannot occur without the Golgi apparatus.
Q.37. where are proteins synthesised inside the cell
Answer
Ans.Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis inside a cell. They are either free or attached to Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER).
Q.38. Why are lysosomes known as suicide bag?
Answer
Ans.If the cell gets damaged, then one of the lysosomes bursts and release some digestive enzymes. The released enzymes then digest their own cell and ultimately the cell dies. Hence, lysosomes are called suicide bags of the cell.
Q.39. Can you name the two organelles we have studied that contain their own genetic material?
Answer
Ans.Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Q.40. Make a comparison and write down ways in which plant cells are different from animal cells.
Show Answer
| PLANT CELL | ANIMAL CELL |
| A. Have a cell wall. | A. Have no cell Have wall. |
| B. Nucleus is on side of cell. | B. Nucleus is in center on cell. |
| C. Have large vacuoles. | C. Have only small vacuoles. |
| D. Have regular in shape. | D. Often irregular in shape. |
| E. Has plasmodesmata. | E. Has no plasmodesmata. |
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