Extra Questions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Applications
Here we are providing extra questions for class 12 biology. This post covers extra questions for class 12 biology chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Applications. Students can read and practice these questions to score better marks in the exam.
Q.1. Why is the gene encoding for ‘Cry’ protein inserted into a crop plant?
Ans. Cry protein producing gene is transferred to the plant to provide resistance against insect larvae.
Q.2. Write the two uses of PCR technique in diagnosis.
Ans. Two uses of PCR technique:
(i) It is used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients.
(ii) It is used to detect mutations in gene, in suspected cancer patients.
Q.3. Give the name of HGH (Human Growth Hormones), developed during recombinant DNA technology and used for treating hypopituitary dwarfism in human.
Ans. Somatotropin.
Q.4. Name two genetically modified hormones.
Ans. Insulin and human growth hormones.
Q.5. State the role of transposons in silencing of mRNA in eukaryotic cells.
Ans. Transposons or mobile genetic elements in viruses are the sources of the complementary dsRNA, which in turn bind to specific mRNA and cause RNA interference of the parasite.
Q.6. Name the specific type of gene that is incorporated in a cotton plant to protect the plant against cotton boll worm infestation.
Ans. Cry IAc/Cry IIAb genes are incorporated in a cotton plant.
Q.7. State a method of cellular defence which works in all eukaryotic organisms.
Ans. RNA interference.
Q.8. What is the significance of the process of RNA interference (RNAi) in eukaryotic organisms?
Ans. RNA interference in all eukaryotic organisms is a method of cellular defence.
Q.9. Mention the chemical change that proinsulin undergoes, to be able to act as mature insulin.
Ans. An extra stretch called C-peptide is removed from pro-insulin during maturation.
Q.10. What is “Flavr Savr”?
Ans. It is a transgenic tomato variety which has blocked production of polygalacturonase.
Q.11. A multinational company outside India tried to sell new varieties of turmeric without proper rights. What is such an act referred to?
Ans. Biopiracy.
Q.12. Name any two techniques that serve the purpose of early diagnosis of some bacterial/viral human diseases.
Ans. Enzyme linked immuno sorbent (ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) serve the purpose of early diagnosis of human diseases.
Q.13. PCR requires very high temperature conditions where most of the enzymes get denatured. How was this problem resolved in a PCR?
Ans. This problem was resolved by the use of a thermostable DNA polymerase, Taq polymerase derived from Thermus aquaticus which remains active during the high temperature and induces denaturation of double stranded DNA.
Q.14. Name a molecular diagnostic technique to detect the presence of a pathogen in its early stage of infection.
Ans. ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
Q.15. For which variety of Indian rice, patent was filed by a USA Company?
Ans. Indian Basmati was crossed with semi-dwarf variety and was claimed as a new variety for which the patent was filed by a USA company.
Q.16. Name the first transgenic cow. Which gene was introduced in this cow?
Ans. Rosie was the first transgenic cow. Human a-lactalbumin gene was introduced.
Q.17. What is biopiracy?
Ans. Biopiracy is the use of bioresources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorization or compensation payment to the concerned country or organisation.
Q.18. What was the speciality of the milk produced by the transgenic cow Rosie?
Ans. The first transgenic cow, Rosie, produced milk with human alpha-lactalbumin (2.4 g protein/ litre of milk) which was nutritionally, more balanced product for human babies than natural cow milk.
Q.19. Why do children cured by enzyme-replacement therapy for adenosine deaminase deficiency need periodic treatment?
Ans. As enzyme replacement therapy does not cure the disease completely, it requires periodic treatment.
Q.20. What is Chakravarthy bug? Give its scientific name and its application?
Ans. Chakravarthy bug is a super bug of Pseudomonas with multiple plasmids. They are helpful in removing oil spills.
Q.21. State the cause of adenosine deaminase enzyme deficiency.
Ans. Deletion of gene for adenosine deaminase.
Q.22. State the purpose for which the Indian Government has set up GEAC.
OR
Mention two objectives of setting up GEAC by our government.
Ans. GEAC was set up to make decisions regarding the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GM-organisms for public services.
Q.23. Name a recombinant vaccine that is currently being used in vaccination program?
Ans. Hepatitis B recombinant vaccine, Engerix-B, is used for vaccination of hepatitis virus.
Q.24. What are transgenic animals? Give an example.
Ans. Animals that have had their DNA manipulated, to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene are known as transgenic animals. Example, Rosie is a transgenic cow.
Q.25. Suggest any two possible treatments that can be given to a patient exhibiting adenosine deaminase deficiency.
Q.26. A boy has been diagnosed with ADA deficiency. Suggest any one possible treatment.
Ans. Bone marrow transplant/enzyme replacement therapy/gene therapy.
Ans. (i) Enzymes replacement therapy (in which functional ADA is injected)
(ii) Bone marrow transplantation
(iii) Gene therapy/Culturing the lymphocytes followed by introduction of functional ADA cDNA into it and returning it into the patient’s body. (Any two)
Q.27. Mention the source organism of the gene cryIAc and its target pest.
Ans. Source organism — Bacillus thuringiensis
Target pest — Cotton bollworms
