Physics Formulas Related to Heat and Thermodynamics
Here we are providing providing physics formulas related to Heat and Thermodynamics. All important formulas related to Heat and Thermodynamics branch of Physics are covered in this article. Students are suggested to remember all formulas in order to grasp physics concepts well.
1. Specific Heat Capacity: \[ Q = mc\Delta T \]2. Heat Transfer: \[ Q = ml \]
3. First Law of Thermodynamics: \[ \Delta U = Q – W \]
4. Work Done by a Gas: \[ W = P \Delta V \]
5. Ideal Gas Law: \[ PV = nRT \]
6. Molar Specific Heat at Constant Volume: \[ C_v = \frac{dQ}{dT} \bigg|_V \]
7. Molar Specific Heat at Constant Pressure: \[ C_p = \frac{dQ}{dT} \bigg|_P \]
8. Heat Engine Efficiency: \[ \eta = \frac{W_{\text{out}}}{Q_{\text{in}}} \]
9. Carnot Engine Efficiency: \[ \eta_{\text{Carnot}} = 1 – \frac{T_{\text{low}}}{T_{\text{high}}} \]
10. Entropy Change: \[ \Delta S = \frac{Q}{T} \]
11. Second Law of Thermodynamics: \[ \Delta S_{\text{universe}} = \Delta S_{\text{system}} + \Delta S_{\text{surroundings}} \]
12. Adiabatic Process: \[ PV^\gamma = \text{constant} \]
13. Carnot Cycle Efficiency: \[ \eta_{\text{Carnot}} = 1 – \frac{T_{\text{low}}}{T_{\text{high}}} \]
14. Clausius Statement of Second Law of Thermodynamics: \[ \oint \frac{dQ}{T} \leq 0 \]
15. Thermal Conductivity: \[ \frac{dQ}{dt} = \frac{kA\Delta T}{d} \]
16. Heat Conduction: \[ \frac{dQ}{dt} = \frac{kA\Delta T}{L} \]
17. Heat Exchanger Efficiency: \[ \eta = 1 – \frac{T_{\text{out, cold}}}{T_{\text{in, hot}}} \]
18. Wien’s Displacement Law: \[ \lambda_{\text{max}} = \frac{b}{T} \]
19. Stefan-Boltzmann Law: \[ P = \sigma \cdot A \cdot T^4 \]
20. Boyle’s Law: \[ PV = \text{constant} \]
21. Isothermal Process: \[ PV = \text{constant} \]
22. Charles’s Law: \[ V = \text{constant} \times T \]
23. Boyle’s Law: \[ P = \text{constant} \times \frac{1}{V} \]
24. Avogadro’s Law: \[ V = \text{constant} \times n \]
25. Combined Gas Law: \[ \frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2} \]
26. Universal Gas Constant: \[ R = 8.314 \, \text{J mol}^{-1} \text{K}^{-1} \]
27. Root Mean Square Speed: \[ v_{\text{rms}} = \sqrt{\frac{3RT}{M}} \]
28. Mean Free Path: \[ \lambda = \frac{kT}{\sqrt{2}\pi d^2P} \]
29. Newton’s Law of Cooling: \[ \frac{dT}{dt} = -k(T – T_{\text{surr}}) \]
30. Latent Heat: \[ Q = mL \]
31. Phase Change – Solid to Liquid: \[ Q = m \cdot L_{\text{f}} \]
32. Phase Change – Liquid to Gas: \[ Q = m \cdot L_{\text{v}} \]
33. Heat Capacity at Constant Volume: \[ C_v = \frac{dQ}{dT} \bigg|_V \]
34. Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure: \[ C_p = \frac{dQ}{dT} \bigg|_P \]
35. Van der Waals Equation: \[ (P + a\frac{n^2}{V^2})(V – nb) = nRT \]
36. Maxwell’s Speed Distribution: \[ f(v) = 4\pi \left( \frac{M}{2\pi RT} \right)^{3/2} v^2 e^{\frac{-Mv^2}{2RT}} \]
37. Isochoric Process (Isometric): \[ V = \text{constant} \]
38. Isobaric Process: \[ P = \text{constant} \]
39. Adiabatic Process: \[ PV^\gamma = \text{constant} \]
40. Clausius-Clapeyron Equation: \[ \frac{dP}{dT} = \frac{\Delta H}{T\Delta V} \] “
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