1. Give IUPAC names of following compounds
(i).
(ii).
(iii).
(iv).
(v).
(vi).
(vii).
(viii).
(ix).
(x).
Ans.
(i). 1, 3- Dibromobutane
(ii). 1- Cholopropan-2-ol
(iii). 2, 3 – Dibromo-1-chloro-3-methylpentane
(iv). 2-Choloro-3-ethyl-2-methyl pentane
(v). 1-Chloro-2-phenylethane
(vi). 1-Chloro-1-phenyl ethane
(vii). 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6- hexachlorocyclohexane
(viii). 2, 2- Dihexyl 1, 1, 1-Trichloro ethane
(ix). 4, 4-dibromobiphenyl
(x). 1, 3-Dibromo -3- methyl butane
(2). Give the structures of following.:
(i). 1,3-Dichloro -2-(bromomethyl) propane
(ii). Isobutylchloride
(iii). Ortho bromotoluene
(iv). 1 – Bromo – 4 – chlorobutane
(v). 3 – Bromo – 5 – chloro – 3,5 – dimethyloctane
(vi). 2,3 – Dibromo – 1 – chloro -3- methylpentane
(vii). 2 – Chloro – 3 – ethyl -1, 4- pentadieme
(viii). 2,3 – Dibromo – 1 – chloro -3- methylpentane
(ix). 2 – Chloro – 1 – phemylpropane
(x). Tert – butylchloride
Ans.(i)
(ii).
(iii).
(iv).
(v).
(vi).
(vii).
(viii).
(ix).
(x).
3. Convert
(i). 1 – Butene to 1 — chlorobutane.
Ans. 
(ii). Ethene to ethanol.
Ans. 
(iii). Chlorobenzene to phenol.
Ans. 
(iv). Methyl bromide to acetic acid.
Ans. 
(v). 2- chlorobutane to sec- butyl ethyl ether.
Ans. 
(vi). Chlorobenzene to benzyl chloride.
Ans. 
(vii). Chlorobenzene to Benzene.
Ans.
(viii). Methane to Ethane.
Ans.
(ix). Benzene to o- chlorotoluene.
Ans.
(x). 1- chloropropane to 2- iodopropane.
Ans.
4. What is lucas reagent?
Ans. A mixture of HCl and anhydrous ZnCl2 is known as Lucas reagent.
5. Which of the following will show optical is omerism
1 – bromobutane or 2 – bromobutane?
Ans. 2- bromobutane will be optically active as it has one chiral carbon(C2).
6. Arrange CH3CH2CH2CH2Br, (CH3)3C-Br, CH3CH(CH3)CH2Br in order of increasing boiling points.
Ans. The order of increasing boiling points is
Boiling point decreases with increase in branching as it reduces the surface area.
7. Give an example of
(a) Fittig reaction
(b) Finkelstein reaction.
Ans. (a) Fittig reaction
(b) Finkelstein reaction
Overview
Haloalkanes and haloarenes are the hydrocarbons in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced with halogen atoms. The primary difference between haloalkanes and haloarenes is that haloalkanes are derived from open-chain hydrocarbons i.e., alkanes whereas haloarenes are derived from aromatic hydrocarbons.
Haloalkanes are commonly referred to as alkyl halides whereas haloarenes are commonly referred to as aryl halides.
Alkyl halides and aryl halides can be classified based on the following parameters:
- Number of halogen atoms in the molecule
- sp3Â hybridized carbon-halogen bond.
- sp2Â hybridized carbon-halogen bond.
Reactivity of Haloalkanes & Haloarenes
Haloarenes are less reactive than haloalkanes because in case of aryl halides the carbon is sp2 hybridised while in haloalkanes it is sp3 hybridised. As sp2 is more electronegative than sp3 due to more S character in sp2. Therefore haloarenes are more stable than haloalkanes and hence less reactive.
Uses of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Some of the important applications of these compounds are listed below.
- These organic compounds can dissolve non-polar compounds and are therefore used as solvents.
- Many derivatives of alkyl and aryl halides are used in medicine. One such example is the compound chloramphenicol, which is used to treat cases of typhoid.
- Another example is chloroquine, which is very useful in the treatment of malaria.
- Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (commonly referred to as DDT) is used as an insecticide.
Some haloalkanes and haloarenes have adverse effects on the environment and are labeled as pollutants. One such example is chlorofluorocarbons (or CFCs), which lead to the depletion of the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the harmful radiation coming from the sun.
