Table of Contents
The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) publishes Physics textbooks for Class 12. Here we are providing the updated NCERT Books.
The use of NCERT Books Class 12 Physics is not only suitable for studying the regular syllabus of various boards but it can also be useful for the candidates appearing for various engineering and medical entrance examinations. NCERT books are must do books for all the students preparing for medical entrance exams and other competitive exams too.
NCERT Class 12 Physics Books (English) PDF Download
Download Session 2025-26 Physics NCERT Textbooks
- Electric Charges and Fields
- Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
- Current Electricity
- Moving Charges and Magnetism
- Magnetism and Matter
- Electromagnetic Induction
- Alternating Current
- Electromagnetic Waves
- Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
- Wave Optics
- Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
- Atoms
- Nuclei
- Semiconductor Electronics
CBSE Class 12 Physics (Theory) – Unit & Chapter Structure (2025-26)
Unit I: Electrostatics
- Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields
- Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Unit II: Current Electricity
- Chapter 3: Current Electricity
Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
- Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
- Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
Unit IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
- Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction
- Chapter 7: Alternating Current
Unit V: Electromagnetic Waves
- Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves
Unit VI: Optics
- Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
- Chapter 10: Wave Optics
Unit VII: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
- Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Unit VIII: Atoms and Nuclei
- Chapter 12: Atoms
- Chapter 13: Nuclei
Unit IX: Electronic Devices
- Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits
Class 12 Physics – Chapterwise Key Topics (2025-26)
Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields
Conservation of charge; Coulomb’s law; superposition principle; electric field and field lines; electric field due to point charge, dipole, and system of charges; torque on a dipole; electric flux; Gauss’s law and its applications.
Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Electric potential and potential difference; potential due to a point charge, dipole and system; equipotential surfaces; potential gradient; relation between field and potential; capacitance; parallel plate capacitor with/without dielectric; series and parallel combination of capacitors; energy stored in capacitor.
Chapter 3: Current Electricity
Electric current; drift velocity and mobility; relation with current; Ohm’s law (linear and non-linear); resistivity and conductivity; temperature dependence of resistance; emf and potential difference; internal resistance of cell; combination of cells; Kirchhoff’s rules; Wheatstone bridge; meter bridge.
Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
Magnetic force on moving charge (Lorentz force); force on current-carrying conductor; motion in magnetic field; cyclotron; Biot–Savart law and applications; Ampere’s circuital law and applications; force between two parallel conductors; torque on current loop.
Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
Bar magnet as equivalent solenoid; magnetic field lines; dipole and dipole moment; earth’s magnetism (elements, declination, inclination); magnetisation, magnetic susceptibility and permeability; diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substances; hysteresis curve (qualitative).
Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday’s laws of induction; Lenz’s law and conservation of energy; induced emf and current; self and mutual induction; eddy currents and applications; transformer – principle and working.
Chapter 7: Alternating Current
AC voltage and current; peak, RMS values; reactance and impedance; AC through resistor, inductor and capacitor; LCR series circuit; resonance; phasor diagrams; power and power factor; AC generator – principle and working.
Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves
Displacement current; Maxwell’s equations (qualitative); nature and transverse character of EM waves; electromagnetic spectrum – radio, microwaves, IR, visible, UV, X-rays, gamma rays; applications of EM waves.
Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Reflection and refraction of light; laws of refraction and Snell’s law; total internal reflection and its applications; refraction through prism and lens; optical fibres; lens maker’s formula; lens combination and power; magnification; microscope and telescope.
Chapter 10: Wave Optics
Wave front and Huygens’ principle; interference of light (Young’s double slit experiment); conditions for sustained interference; diffraction at single slit; resolving power of optical instruments; polarisation – methods and applications.
Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Photoelectric effect – observations, laws and Einstein’s equation; particle nature of light; wave-particle duality; de Broglie hypothesis; matter waves; Davisson–Germer experiment.
Chapter 12: Atoms
Rutherford’s scattering experiment; Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom; energy levels and radii; spectral lines of hydrogen; limitations of Bohr’s model.
Chapter 13: Nuclei
Nuclear composition and size; mass defect and binding energy; stability of nuclei; radioactivity – alpha, beta, gamma decay; half-life and decay constant; nuclear fission and fusion.
Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics
Energy bands – conductors, semiconductors and insulators; intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors; p–n junction diode characteristics (forward and reverse bias); diode as rectifier; logic gates (basic); simple applications of diodes.
Old NCERT Textbooks
Complete Book Download
Class 12 Physics NCERT Book Part-1 PDF Download
Class 12 Physics NCERT Book Part -2 PDF Download
Chapter Wise PDF Download
Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields
Chapter 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Chapter 3: Current Electricity
Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction
Chapter 7: Alternating Current
Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves
Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Chapter 10: Wave Optics
Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Chapter 12: Atoms
Chapter 13: Nuclei
Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devises and Simple Circuits
Chapter 15: Communication System
Answers Part 1
Answers Part 2
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