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The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) publishes Maths textbooks for Class 12. Here we are providing the updated NCERT Books.
The use of NCERT Books Class 12 Maths is not only suitable for studying the regular syllabus of various boards but it can also be useful for the candidates appearing for various engineering entrance examinations. NCERT books are must do books for all the students preparing for engineering entrance exams and other competitive exams too.
[PDF] Download NCERT Books for Class 12 Maths
Download Session 2025-26 Mathematics NCERT Textbooks
- Relations and Functions
- Inverse Trigonometric Functions
- Matrices
- Determinants
- Continuity and Differentiability
- Applications of Derivatives
- Integrals
- Applications of the Integrals
- Differential Equations
- Vectors
- Three Dimensional Geometry
- Linear Programming
- Probability
Class 12 Mathematics – Chapterwise Analysis (2025-26 CBSE Rationalised Syllabus)
Earlier, Class 12 Mathematics had a heavier load with more sub-topics in calculus, probability, vectors, and miscellaneous areas.
After CBSE rationalisation, some advanced portions (like Boolean Algebra, Statistics, certain applications of calculus) were removed.
Now (2025-26), the syllabus is focused on 13 chapters across Algebra, Calculus, Vectors, Geometry, and Probability – covering the essentials for both Boards and JEE/NEET.
Chapter 1: Relations and Functions
Study of relations, types of relations, domain, co-domain, range. Introduction to binary operations. Forms the base of higher algebra.
Chapter 2: Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Properties, principal values, and simple applications. Useful in solving equations and integrals. Reduced to only the standard functions and their graphs.
Chapter 3: Matrices
Types of matrices, operations, properties. Adjoint, transpose, and finding inverses. Very scoring and applied in determinants and geometry.
Chapter 4: Determinants
Evaluation of determinants (up to 3 × 3), properties, and applications. Cramer’s rule and solution of system of equations. Directly linked with matrices.
Chapter 5: Continuity and Differentiability
Concept of continuity, differentiability, derivatives of composite, inverse, and implicit functions. Logarithmic and exponential functions included. Strong base for calculus.
Chapter 6: Applications of Derivatives
Rate of change, tangents and normals, monotonicity, maxima and minima. Application-oriented chapter with plenty of practical questions.
Chapter 7: Integrals
Indefinite and definite integrals, methods of integration (substitution, by parts, partial fractions). Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. A large chunk of board exam weightage.
Chapter 8: Applications of Integrals
Finding areas bounded by curves and lines. Limited to simple standard curves in rationalised syllabus.
Chapter 9: Differential Equations
Formation, order, degree, and solutions of first-order linear differential equations. Removed complex forms; syllabus now limited to basic applications.
Chapter 10: Vectors
Definition, scalar and vector products, applications in 3D geometry. Simplified but still crucial for competitive exams.
Chapter 11: Three-Dimensional Geometry
Direction cosines and ratios, equations of line and plane, shortest distance, angle between lines/planes. A strong application area.
Chapter 12: Linear Programming
Mathematical formulation of LPP problems, graphical method of solution. Simple problems with two variables only (no simplex method in CBSE).
Chapter 13: Probability
Conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem, multiplication rule, and random variables. Rationalised to focus on applications without deeper statistics.
Key Rationalisation Points
- Topics like Boolean Algebra, advanced statistics, complex applications of calculus have been removed.
- The current syllabus keeps only 13 chapters across six major units.
- This makes preparation focused on board exam scoring chapters (Calculus, Algebra, Probability) while still covering the core JEE/NEET concepts.
Old NCERT Textbooks
Chapter 1 Relations and Functions
Chapter 2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Chapter 3 Matrices
Chapter 4 Determinants
Chapter 5 Continuity and Differentiability
Chapter 6 Applications of Derivatives
Chapter 7 Integrals
Chapter 8 Applications of Integrals
Chapter 9 Differential Equations
Chapter 10 Vector Algebra
Chapter 11 Three dimensional Geometry
Chapter 12 Linear Programming
Chapter 13 Probability
