NEET DPP Biology Ch-25 Human Reproduction

Q.1. Breast feeding suspends pregnancy due to
(a) post pregnancy lower levels of FSH and LH
(b) post pregnancy higher levels of FSH and LH which put negative check on ovulation
(c) inhibiting the release of LH by prolactin and thus countering the effects of LH on the ovarian follicles
(d) increasing the release of inhibin by prolactin and thus
countering the effects of FSH on the ovarian follicles

Answer

Answer:
(c) During breast feeding, prolactin hormone (required for the release of milk) present in the blood inhibits the release of LH from pituitary. This will counter the effect of LH on the ovarian follicles and therefore no ovulation will occur. Hence, no pregnancy occurs during this period.

Q.2. The human embryo, with 8 to 16 blastomere is called
(a) Morula
(b) Blastula
(c) Gastrula
(d) Foetus

Answer

Answer:
(a)

Q.3. A person which shows the secondary sexual characters of both male and female is called –
(a) Intersex
(b) Hermaphrodite
(c) Bisexual
(d) Gynandromorph

Answer

Answer:
(d)

Q.4. Which one of the following is the correct matching of the events occurring during menstrual cycle?
(a) Proliferative phase: Rapid regeneration of myometrium and maturation of Graffian follicle.
(b) Development of corpus luteum : Secretory phase and increased secretion of progesterone.
(c) Menstruation: Breakdown of myometrium and ovum not fertilised.
(d) Ovulation: LH and FSH attain peak level and sharp fall in the secretion of progesterone.

Answer

Answer:
(b) The corpus luteum is essential for establishing and maintaining pregnancy in females. In the ovary, the corpus luteum secretes estrogens and progesterone, which are steroid hormones responsible for the thickening of the endometrium and its development and maintenance, respectively.

Q.5. The second maturation division of the mammalian ovum occurs:
(a) in the graafian follicle following the first maturation division
(b) shortly after ovulation before the ovum makes entry into the Fallopian tube
(c) until after the ovum has been penetrated by a sperm
(d) until the nucleus of the sperm has fused with that of the ovum

Answer

Answer:
(b)

Q.6. Foetal ejection reflex in human female is induced by
(a) release oxytocin from pituitary
(b) fully developed foetus and placenta
(c) differentiation of mammary glands
(d) pressure exerted by amniotic fluid

Answer

Answer:
(b) Foetal ejection reflex in human female is induced by fully developed foetus and placenta. When a woman is in a lithotomy or semi-sitting position, the foetal ejection reflex is impaired and the increased pain caused by the sacrum’s inability to move as the baby descends can be intolerable.

Q.7. Which one of the following statements about human sperm is correct?
(a) Acrosome has a conical pointed structure used for piercing and penetrating the egg, resulting in
fertilisation
(b) The sperm lysine in the acrosome dissolve the egg envelope facilitating fertilisation
(c) Acrosome serves as a sensory structure leading the sperm towards the ovum
(d) Acrosome serves no particular function

Answer

Answer:
(b) Acrosome a small pointed structure at the tip of nucleus. It breaks down just before fertilization, releasing hydrolytic enzymes that assist penetration between follicle cells that surrounds the ovum, thus facilitating fertilization.

Q.8. Sertoli cells are found in
(a) ovaries and secrete progesterone
(b) adrenal cortex and secrete adrenaline
(c) seminiferous tubules and provide nutrition to germ cells
(d) pancreas and secrete cholecystokinin

Answer

Answer:
(c) Sertoli cells are found in the walls of seminiferous tubules of the testes. They anchor and provide nutrition to the developing germ cells especially the spermatids.

Q.9. The phase of menstrual cycle in humans that lasts for 7-8 days, is
(a) follicular phase
(b) ovulatory phase
(c) luteal phase
(d) menstruation

Answer

Answer:
(b) In menstrual cycle, menstrual phase lasts for 4 days, proliferating/ovulating phase for about 10 days and secretory phase for 14 days.

Q.10. Cessation of menstrual cycle in women is called
(a) menopause
(b) lactation
(c) ovulation
(d) parturition

Answer

Answer:
(a) Menopause is the period when ovulation and menstrual cycle stop in human females. The period of menopause is between 45-55 years.

Q.11. In human female the blastocyst
(a) Forms placenta even before implantation
(b) Gets implanted into uterus 3 days after ovulation
(c) Gets nutrition from uterine endometrial secretion only after implantation
(d) Gets implanted in endometrium by the trophoblast cells

Answer

Answer:
(d)

Q.12. Bulbourethral gland is present in
(a) Males and is another name for Uterus masculina
(b) Females and is another name for Bertholin’s gland
(c) Males and is another name for Cowper’s gland
(d) None of these

Answer

Answer:
(c) The gland corresponding to this in female is Bertholin.

Q.13. Which one of the following are rich in fructose, calcium and some enzymes?
(a) Male accessory glands
(b) Liver
(c) Pancreas
(d) Salivary glands

Answer

Answer:
(a)

Q.14. Umbilical cord has
(a) Two arteries carrying blood to placenta and one vein returning blood to foetus
(b) One artery carrying blood to placenta and two veins returning blood to foetus
(c) Two arteries bringing blood to foetus and one vein carrying blood to placenta
(d) One artery bringing blood to foetus and two veins carrying blood to placenta

Answer

Answer:
(a)

Q.15. Which of the following induces parturition ?
(a) Vasopressin
(b) Oxytocin
(c) Growth hormone
(d) Thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer

Answer:
(b)

Q.16. What happens during fertilisation in humans after many sperms reach close to the ovum?
(a) Cells of corona radiata trap all the sperms except one
(b) Only two sperms nearest the ovum penetrate zona pellucida
(c) Secretions of acrosome helps one sperm enter cytoplasm of ovum through zona pellucida
(d) All sperms except the one nearest to the ovum lose their tails

Answer

Answer:
(b)

Q.17. The part of fallopian tube closest to the ovary is
(a) isthmus
(b) infundibulum
(c) cervix
(d) ampulla

Answer

Answer:
(b) The part of fallopian tube closest to the ovary is infundibulum. Infundibulum possess finger-like projections called fimbriae that help in collection of ovum after ovulation. It leads to wider part of oviduct called ampulla. The last part of oviduct is isthmus that has a narrow lumen and joins the uterus.

Q.18. The chemical substance found in the surface layer of cytoplasm of spermatozoa is:
(a) fertilizin
(b) agglutinin
(c) antifertilizin
(d) hyaluronidase

Answer

Answer:
(c)

Q.19. Which of the following diseases is caused by the under secreation of cortisol?
(a) Anaemia
(b) Addison’s disease
(c) Hyperglycemia
(d) Mental illness or retardation

Answer

Answer:
(b)

Q.20. Reabsorption of chloride ions from glomerular filtrate in kidney tubule occurs by
(a) Active transport
(b) Diffusion
(c) Osmosis
(d) Brownian movement

Answer

Answer:
(b)

Q.21. If for some reason, the vasa efferentia in the human reproductive system get blocked, the gametes will not be transported from
(a) testes to epididymis
(b) epididymis to vas deferens
(c) ovary to uterus
(d) vagina to uterus

Answer

Answer:
(a) Vasa efferentia are fine ciliated ductules that arise from the seminiferous tubules of testis (where sperms are formed) and open into epididymis which is a mass of long, narrow, closely coiled tubule lying along the inner side of testis. Epididymis stores the sperms. Thus, if vasa efferentia get blocked, sperms will not be transported from testes to epididymis.

Q.22. The nutritive cells found in seminiferous tubules are
(a) Leydig’s cells
(b) atretic follicular cells
(c) Sertoli cells
(d) chromaffin cells.

Answer

Answer:
(c) Wall of each seminiferous tubule is formed of a single layered germinal epithelium. Majority of cells in this epithelium are male germ cells and at certain places, there are present tall Sertoli cells. These cells act as nurse cells providing nutrition to the developing sperms.

Q.23. Seminal plasma in humans is rich in
(a) fructose and calcium but has no enzymes
(b) glucose and certain enzymes but has no calcium
(c) fructose and certain enzymes but poor in calcium
(d) fructose, calcium and certain enzymes

Answer

Answer:
(d)

Q.24. The function of the secretion of prostate gland is to
(a) inhibit sperm activity
(b) attract sperms
(c) stimulate sperm activity
(d) none of these

Answer

Answer:
(c)

Q.25. The head of the epididymis at the head of the testis is called
(d) cauda epididymis
(b) vas deferens
(c) caput epididymis
(d) gubernaculum

Answer

Answer:
(c)

Q.26. Which part of ovary in mammals acts as an endocrine gland after ovulation?
(a) Stroma
(b) Germinal epithelium
(c) Vitelline membrane
(d) Graafian follicle

Answer

Answer:
(d)

Q.27. The female external genitalia include
(i) Ovary (ii) Mammary gland
(iii) Mons pubis (iv) Clitoris
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii), (iv) and (v)
(d) (ii), (iii) and (v)

Answer

Answer:
(c)

Q.28. 2n = 16 is in a primary spermatocyte which is in metaphase of first meiotic division. What shall be the total number of chromatids in each of the secondary spermatocyte?
(a) 16
(b) 24
(c) 32
(d) 8

Answer

Answer:
(a) Secondary spermatocyte contains half the number of chromosomes i.e., 8 Each chromosome has 2 chromatids, therefore, 8 chromosomes will have 16 chromatids in all.

Q.29. In humans, at the end of the first meiotic division, the male germ cells differentiate into the
(a) spermatids
(b) spermatogionia
(c) primary spermatocytes
(d) secondary spermatocytes

Answer

Answer:
(d) During spermatogenesis, at the end of first maturation division (reductional division or meiosis), the primary spermatocyte divides into two haploid daughter cells called secondary spermatocytes.

Q.30. The sperms undergo physiological maturation, acquiring increased motility and fertilizing capacity in
(a) seminiferous tubules
(b) vasa efferentia
(c) epididymis
(d) vagina

Answer

Answer:
(c) In the head of the epididymis, the sperms undergo physiological maturation, acquiring increased motility and fertilizing capacity.

Q.31. At what stage of life is oogenesis initiated in a human female?
(a) At puberty
(b) During menarch
(c) During menopause
(d) During embryonic development

Answer

Answer:
(d) Oogenesis is the process of formation of functional haploid ova from the diploid germinal cells in the ovary. Oogenesis begins during embryonic development but is completed only after fertilization of the secondary oocyte with the sperm.

Q.32. The middle piece of the sperm contains
(a) proteins
(b) mitochondria
(c) centriole
(d) nucleus

Answer

Answer:
(b)

Q.33. Corpus luteum is developed from
(a) Graafian follicle
(b) nephrostome
(c) oocyte
(d) none of these

Answer

Answer:
(a)

Q.34. Spermatogenesis is induced by
(a) FSH
(b) ICSH
(C) STH
(d) ATH

Answer

Answer:
(a)

Q.35. Layers of an ovum from outside to inside is
(a) corona radiata, zona pellucida and vitelline membrane
(b) zona pellucida, corona radiata and vitelline membrane
(c) vitelline membrane, zona pellucida and corona radiata
(d) zona pellucida, vitelline membrane and corona radiata

Answer

Answer:
(a)

Q.36. Name the hormone that has no role in menstruation.
(a) LH
(b) FSH
(c) Estradiol
(d) TSH

Answer

Answer:
(d) TSH or thyroid stimulating hormone has no role in menstruation.

Q.37. The time for optimum chances of conception in a woman is __ starting from the day of menstruation.
(a) 1st day
(b) 4th day
(c) 14th day
(d) 26th day

Answer

Answer:
(c) On the 14th day of menstrual cycle, ovulation occurs, so chances of conception are optimum.

Q.38. Repair of endometrium is undertaken by
(a) LH
(b) FSH
(c) estrogen
(d) prolactin

Answer

Answer:
(c) Estrogen secreted from ovarian follicles under the influence of FSH, causes proliferation of the endometrium of the uterine wall.

Q.39. The sex of the foetus will be decided at
(a) fertilization by male gamete
(b) implantation
(c) fertilization by female gamete
(d) the start of cleavage

Answer

Answer:
(a)

Q.40. Match Column-I with Column-II and select the correct option from the codes given below.
Column-I Column-II
A. Cleavage (i) Fertilization
B. Morula (ii) Mitotic divisions
C. Polyspermy (iii) Endometric
D. Implantation (iv) Little mulberry
(a) A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(iii)
(b) A-(i), B-(iv), C-(ii), D-(iii)
(c) A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(i), D-(iii)
(d) A-(ii), B-(iv), C-(iii), D-(i)

Answer

Answer:
(a)

Q.41. Which part of the sperm plays an important role in penetrating the egg membrane?
(a) Allosome
(b) Tail
(c) Autosome
(d) Acrosome

Answer

Answer:
(d) Acrosome, a cap like structure present at the tip of the sperm, is a lysosome like organelle derived from golgi apparatus.

Q.42. Which of the following hormones is not a secretory product of human placenta?
(a) Human chorionic gonadotropin
(b) Prolactin
(c) Estrogen
(d) Progesterone

Answer

Answer:
(b) Prolactin is secreted by the anterior lobe of pituitary gland. After parturition, secretion and storage of milk in mammary glands is under the influence of this hormone.

Q.43. After birth, colostrum is released from mammary glands which is rich in
(a) fat and low in proteins
(b) proteins and low in fat
(c) proteins, antibodies and low in fat
(d) proteins, fat and low in antibodies

Answer

Answer:
(c) After birth, the first milk released by mammary glands is called colostrum. It is released for 2-3 days. It is thin, yellowish fluid containing cells from the alveoli of glandular tissue of mammary glands and is rich in protein, antibodies, but low in fat.

Q.44. The correct sequence in the process of development of human embryo is
(a) fertilization—zygote—cleavage—morula—blastula— gastrula
(b) fertilization—cleavage—morula—zygote—blastula— gastrula
(c) fertilization—zygote—blastula—morula—cleavage— gastrula
(d) cleavage—zygote—fertilization—morula—blastula— gastrula

Answer

Answer:
(a) Fusion of male and female gamete produces a zygote. Repeated division of the zygote is called cleavage forming a solid morula. After further division and rearrangement a fluid filled cavity surrounded by blastomeres – blastula is formed. The appearance of germ layers mark the gastrula.

Q.45. The given figure refers to which type of reproduction in yeast?
(a) Binary fission
(b) Budding
(c) Layering
(d) Fusion

Answer

Answer:
(b) The type of reproduction shown in the given figure of yeast is budding. In budding, a daughter individual is formed from a small projection, the bud, arising from the parent body. In yeast, the division is unequal and a small bud is produced that remains attached initially to the parent body. Later on the bud gets separated and matures into a new yeast organism.

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