Numerical Problems Based on Continuous Charge Distributions for Class 12 Physics

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Numerical Problems Based on Continuous Charge Distributions for Class 12 Physics

Here we are providing numerical problems based on Continuous Charge Distributions for Class 12 Physics.

Numerical Problems on Electric Charge and Surface Charge Density

Class 12 Physics · Electrostatics
SQ

Surface Charge Density Practice Set

Apply $\sigma = \frac{q}{A}$ and volume conservation principles
Ch 1 · Electric Charges and Fields
1
What charge would be required to electrify a sphere of radius 15 cm so as to get a surface charge density of $\frac{7}{11}\text{ }\mu\text{C/m}^2$?
Answer $1.8 \times 10^{-7}\text{ C}$ 📝
Detailed Solution

Given Radius $r = 15\text{ cm} = 0.15\text{ m}$.
Surface charge density $\sigma = \frac{7}{11}\text{ }\mu\text{C/m}^2 = \frac{7}{11} \times 10^{-6}\text{ C/m}^2$.

The formula for surface charge density on a sphere is $\sigma = \frac{q}{A} = \frac{q}{4\pi r^2}$.

$$q = \sigma \times 4\pi r^2$$
$$q = \left( \frac{7}{11} \times 10^{-6} \right) \times 4 \times \left( \frac{22}{7} \right) \times (0.15)^2$$
$$q = 10^{-6} \times \left( \frac{7}{11} \times \frac{88}{7} \right) \times 0.0225$$
$$q = 10^{-6} \times 8 \times 0.0225 = 0.18 \times 10^{-6}\text{ C} = 1.8 \times 10^{-7}\text{ C}$$
2
A metal cube of length 0.1 m is charged by $12\text{ }\mu\text{C}$. Calculate its surface charge density.
Answer $2 \times 10^{-4}\text{ C m}^{-2}$ 📝
Detailed Solution

Given side length of the cube $L = 0.1\text{ m}$ and charge $q = 12\text{ }\mu\text{C} = 12 \times 10^{-6}\text{ C}$.

Total surface area of a cube $A = 6L^2$:

$$A = 6 \times (0.1)^2 = 6 \times 0.01 = 0.06\text{ m}^2$$

Surface charge density ($\sigma$):

$$\sigma = \frac{q}{A} = \frac{12 \times 10^{-6}}{0.06}$$
$$\sigma = 200 \times 10^{-6}\text{ C/m}^2 = 2 \times 10^{-4}\text{ C m}^{-2}$$
3
A uniformly charged sphere carries a total charge of $2\pi \times 10^{-12}\text{ C}$. Its radius is 5 cm and is placed in vacuum. Determine its surface charge density.
Answer $2 \times 10^{-10}\text{ C m}^{-2}$ 📝
Detailed Solution

Given charge $q = 2\pi \times 10^{-12}\text{ C}$ and radius $r = 5\text{ cm} = 0.05\text{ m}$.

The surface area of the sphere $A = 4\pi r^2$:

$$\sigma = \frac{q}{A} = \frac{2\pi \times 10^{-12}}{4\pi \times (0.05)^2}$$
$$\sigma = \frac{10^{-12}}{2 \times 0.0025} = \frac{10^{-12}}{0.005}$$
$$\sigma = 200 \times 10^{-12} = 2 \times 10^{-10}\text{ C m}^{-2}$$
4
Two equal spheres of water having equal and similar charges coalesce to form a large sphere. If no charge is lost, how will the surface densities of electrification change?
Answer $\sigma_1 : \sigma_2 = 2^{2/3} : 2$ (or $1 : 2^{1/3}$) 📝
Detailed Solution

Let the initial radius of each small drop be $r$ and charge be $q$.
Initial surface charge density of one small drop: $\sigma_1 = \frac{q}{4\pi r^2}$.

When the two drops coalesce to form a large drop of radius $R$, the total volume is conserved:

$$\frac{4}{3}\pi R^3 = 2 \times \left( \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3 \right) \implies R^3 = 2r^3 \implies R = 2^{1/3}r$$

The total charge on the new large drop is $Q = 2q$.
The new surface area is $A_2 = 4\pi R^2 = 4\pi (2^{1/3}r)^2 = 4\pi r^2 \times 2^{2/3}$.

New surface charge density ($\sigma_2$):

$$\sigma_2 = \frac{Q}{A_2} = \frac{2q}{4\pi r^2 \times 2^{2/3}} = \frac{2}{2^{2/3}} \times \left( \frac{q}{4\pi r^2} \right) = 2^{1/3} \sigma_1$$

The ratio of initial to final surface charge density is:

$$\frac{\sigma_1}{\sigma_2} = \frac{1}{2^{1/3}} = \frac{2^{2/3}}{2}$$

Therefore, $\sigma_1 : \sigma_2 = 2^{2/3} : 2$.

Related Posts

Why Students Fear Numerical Problems in Class 12 Physics?

The exam pattern for of previous exams generally consists of straightforward numerical problems that require students to apply basic mathematical concepts to solve problems. However, some common reasons for students’ fear of numerical problems in this class include:

  1. Lack of practice: Students need to practice solving numerical problems regularly to build their confidence and understanding of the concepts. The exam pattern for Class 10 Science is relatively easy, but students need to ensure they are well-prepared for the exam by practicing regularly.
  2. Fear of making mistakes: Since the exam pattern for Class 10 Science includes numerical problems, students may fear making mistakes while solving problems. Teachers should encourage students to understand the problem statement carefully and double-check their calculations to minimize errors.
  3. Lack of conceptual clarity: Students may struggle with numerical problems if they do not have a clear understanding of the concepts involved. Teachers should ensure that students understand the fundamental concepts related to numerical problems to avoid confusion.
  4. Difficulty in understanding the problem: Sometimes, students may struggle to understand the problem statement or may not know which formula to use. Teachers should guide students on how to identify the correct formula and approach to solve numerical problems.

How to Prepare for Numerical Problems in Class 12 Physics?

Here are some tips for effective preparation:

  1. Build a Strong Foundation: Students should ensure that they have a clear understanding of the underlying concepts involved in numerical problems. They should review their notes regularly and seek clarification from teachers if they have any doubts.
  2. Practice Regularly: Solving numerical problems regularly is crucial to build confidence and improve problem-solving skills. Students should practice a variety of problems to develop their understanding of different concepts and formulas.
  3. Focus on Understanding: Instead of rote memorization, students should focus on understanding the steps involved in solving numerical problems. This approach will help them tackle more complex problems.
  4. Check for Mistakes: After solving numerical problems, students should double-check their calculations and identify any mistakes. This practice will help them avoid making careless errors and increase their accuracy.
  5. Seek Help: If students are struggling with a particular concept or problem, they should seek help from teachers, tutors, or classmates. Clarifying doubts early on can prevent confusion and frustration later.
  6. Mock Tests: Mock tests can help students assess their preparedness and identify areas for improvement. Students should take mock tests regularly and analyze their performance to identify weak areas.

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